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从题型分析入手提高阅读解题准确度

编辑：Fiona 来源：英语词汇网点击：16 日期：2008-06-17

英语四、六级考试中的阅读理解部分主要测试：是否掌握所读材料的主旨大意；能否辨认说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；能否根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；是否理解个别句子或词汇的意义（既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隐含的意思）、清楚上下文的逻辑关系；能否就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。阅读理解的题材广泛，体裁丰富，题型多样。阅读理解的内容包罗万象，包括人物传记、历史、文化、交通、信息、经济、环境、资源、医学等方面。总体上说，其题材主要集中在社会文化、经济生活和科普知识三方面。体裁上以议论文、说明文偏多。主要题型有主观型和客观型。主观型主要测试文章主旨、进行合理推理、提问作者观点、态度等。客观型主要测试事实辨认、词义推测、指代关系、知识常识等。下面具体谈谈如何解答各类不同题型。

第一、推理类问题

请先看短文：

“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise．''says microbiologist Robert Weinberg， an expert on cancer．“But，”he cautions，“some people have the idea that once one understands the causes，the cure will rapidly follow．Consider Pasteur．He discovered the causes of many kindsof infections，but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available．''

This year，50 percent of the 910，000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years．In the year 2000，the National Cancer Institute estimates，that figure will be 75 percent． For some skin cancer the five-year survivalrate isas high as 90 percent．But other survival statistics are stilldiscouraging—13 percent for lung cancer and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas（胰腺）．

With as many as 120 varieties in existence， discovering how cancer works is not easy．The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s， when they discovered that oncogenes，which are cancer-causing genes（基因），are inactive in normal cells．Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene，but how remains unknown．If several oncogenes are driven into action，the cell，unable to turn them off， becomes cancerous．

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