提高六级阅读水平的一个有效途径

阅读理解是六级考试中的重中之重，阅读能力的提高对准确理解文章、回答问题有着直接的意义。为了更准确地理解文章，除了我们日常所说的必备条件以外，比如对单词数量的要求、对语法结构知识的要求等等，还有一个工具可以利用，即利用文章结构特点从宏观层面对作者意图作深入的理解。这主要是由于英文文体与汉语文章结构完全不同，英文文章组合多呈线性排列，段与段、段内各部分之间有机结合，有着比汉语更强的逻辑连接关系。因此，我们在很多情况下可以根据英文文章结构的这一特点，更好地洞察作者本意。以2000年1月的六级考试真题阅读部分的第3篇文章为例（为方便起见，注上段号）。
（I）Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried． Too little conflict breeds apathy（冷漠） and stagnation（呆滞）．Too much conflict leads to divisiveness（分裂）and hostility．Moderate levels of conflict，however，can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way．
（II）Recent research by Professor Charles R．Schwenk，however，suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations．He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives．Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organiza- tions．
（III）Somewhat surprisingly，Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization．Specifically，managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict．
（IV）Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture．They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision-making in their organizations． Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision-making suggested by the executives． In the profit-seeking organizations，decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms．The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators．

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